Jonathan Brun

Canadian History is actually fascinating

Canadian history is not boring. In fact, it is far more interesting and dynamic than one might expect. In contrast to many countries, we are a country formed not so much by war and violence, but by flexibility, negotiation and a tireless work ethic. We might lack dramatic civil wars, bombings or martyrs, but we should stand proud that we live in a country that prefers the pen and the word to the sword and the bomb.

Cicero once said, “Not to know what happened before you were born is to be forever a child.” It is with that spirit that I set out to brush up on my canadian and quebec history. Below are four books that I recently read and highly recommend. After reading these books I have a deeper, though still superficial, understanding of what it took to build our country and the trials all the men and women had to overcome. Canada remains a country unfinished – we lack a finalised constitution and still have strong unity issues – but we need to know where we came from to know where to go.

Champlain’s Dream by David Hackett Fisher

This fascinating book tells the story of Samuel de Champlain, undoubtedly the father of Quebec and by extension, Canada. He was a man who devoted his life to the establishment of a permanent colony in Canada, he regarded First Nation people as his equal, and managed to succeed in the both the politicized French courts and the harsh Canadian winter. What really sticks out is just how precarious Québec was, the French were by no means enthusiastic colonisers and Québec was largely financed by venture capitalists. His efforts to maintain peace with the first nations were instrumental to the survival of Europeans in Canada, his form of peace-building would later be emulated by other Canadian leaders and has become a defining part of what it is to be Canadian. Champlain was also a talented cartographer, manager and seaman, a true renaissance man. If not for Champlain, there would be no Québec and no french speaking people in North America. The book should be mandatory reading for all Canadians.

Extraordinary Canadians – Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine and Robert Baldwin by John Raulston Saul

This excellent, though short, book delivers an insight into the partnership and friendship the two men formed. L-H Lafontaine and Robert Baldwin were the key creators of a bilingual and responsible government in the 1840s. Their efforts to appease sectarian urges in Upper and Lower Canada in the 1830-1850 period paved the way for a peaceful confederation in 1867 and the birth of a nation that included English and French. Their work also set the tone for future generations of Canadians who would continuously face the challenge of national unity. Though not a detailed historical work, it does give you a greater appreciation for the precariousness of the Canadas in the mid 19th century and how we nearly became an American state or an English speaking nation. These two men doggedly negotiated their way through mobs and racism to help birth the nation.

A Short History of Canada by Desmond Morton

This is a whirlwind tour of Canadian history from the first European settlement to 2005. It focuses on the national leaders and prime ministers that shaped this country and is a great overview of the formative parts of our history. It sadly skips over certain important treaties and dates, but nevertheless delivers a well balanced overview of our country.

Une Histoire du Quebec par Jacques Lacoursière

Ce bref livre offre une histoire fascinante du Québec, de Jacques Cartier à Charest. C’est un excellent survol de notre histoire nationale, des hommes et des femmes qui ont bravé la neige et les conflits religieux pour créer une ile francophone et progressive dans une Amérique du Nord anglophone. L’histoire reste parfaitement factuelle, M. Lacoursière vous offre un excellent survol de notre histoire pour ceux qui ont possiblement oublié leurs cours de secondaire.Canadian history is not boring. In fact, it is far more interesting and dynamic than one might expect. In contrast to many countries, we are a country formed not so much by war and violence, but by flexibility, negotiation and a tireless work ethic. We might lack dramatic civil wars, bombings or martyrs, but we should stand proud that we live in a country that prefers the pen and the word to the sword and the bomb.

Cicero once said, “Not to know what happened before you were born is to be forever a child.” It is with that spirit that I set out to brush up on my canadian and quebec history. Below are four books that I recently read and highly recommend. After reading these books I have a deeper, though still superficial, understanding of what it took to build our country and the trials all the men and women had to overcome. Canada remaine a country unfinished – we lack a finalised constitution and still have strong unity issues – but we need to know where we came from to know where to go.

Champlain’s Dream by David Hackett Fisher

This fascinating book tells the story of Samuel de Champlain, undoubtedly the father of Quebec and by extension, Canada. He was a man who devoted his life to the establishment of a permanent colony in Canada, he regarded First Nation people as his equal, and managed to succeed in the both the politicized French courts and the harsh Canadian winter. What really sticks out is just how precarious Québec was, the French were by no means enthusiastic colonisers and Québec was largely financed by venture capitalists. His efforts to maintain peace with the first nations was instrumental to the survival or europeans in Canada, his form of peace-building would later be emulated by other Canadian leaders and has become a defining part of what it is to be Canadian. Champlain was also an talented cartographer, manager and seaman, a true renaissance man. If not for Champlain, there would be no Québec and no french speaking people in North America. The book should be mandatory reading for all Canadians.

Extraordinary Canadians – Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine and Robert Baldwin by John Raulston Saul

This excellent, but short book delivers an insight into the partnership and friendship that the two men formed. L-H Lafontaine and Robert Baldwin were the key creators of a bilingual and responsible government in the 1840s. Their efforts to appease sectarian urges in Upper and Lower Canada in the 1830-1850 period paved the way for a peaceful confederation in 1867 and the birth of a nation that included English and French. Their work also set the tone for future generations of Canadians who would continuously face the challenge of national unity. Though not a detailed historical work, it does give you an greater appreciation for the precariousness of the Canadas in the mid 19th century and how we nearly became an American state or an English speaking nation. These two men doggedly negotiated their way through mobs and racism to help birth the nation.

A Short History of Canada by Desmond Morton

This is a whirlwind tour of Canadian history from the first European settlement to 2005. It focuses on the national leaders and prime ministers that shaped this country and is a great overview of the formative parts of our history. It sadly skips over certain important treaties and dates, but nevertheless delivers a well balanced overview of our country.

Une Histoire du Quebec par Jacques Lacoursière

Ce bref livre offre une histoire fascinante du Quebec, de Jacques Cartier à Charest. C’est un excellent survol de notre histoire nationale, des hommes et des femmes qui ont bravé la neige et les conflits religieux pour créer une ile francophone et progressiste dans un Amérique du Nord anglophone. L’histoire reste parfaitement factuel, M. Lacoursière vous offre un excellent survol de notre histoire pour ceux qui ont possiblement oublié leurs cours de secondaire.

Lebanon in Two Weeks

My two brothers and I recently visited Lebanon for two weeks. Our trip was fantastic and I wholeheartedly recommend Lebanon to those in search of fun, sun, culture and great food. Having travelled extensively, I confidently proclaim that the Lebanese people are the nicest, most welcoming people I have ever had the good fortune of meeting. Traces of human existence in Lebanon date as far back as the 6th century B.C. and many sites, such as Byblos, have seen six empires – Phoenician, Greek, Roman, Arab, Ottoman, and French come and go. Lebanon is a rich country that has sadly seen far too many years of sectarian and regional war.

The civil war (Pity the Nation by Fisk, Radio Interview with Fisk), which lasted 15 years and ended in 1991, Syrian domination and the recent Israel conflict in 2006 has left the country in a difficult position. Nevertheless the country seems to be rebuilding and on some sort of path to recovery – though income inequality remains a major hurdle to a true democracy. I hope that one day, a democratic and peaceful Middle East will emerge from the rubble of conflict. An economic cooperation zone and network of high speed trains between Syria, Lebanon, Israel and Egypt would could turn the region into an amazing place, let’s hope, for the sake of the lebanese people that this comes to pass one day.

A large part of the economy is driven by the banking sector, thanks to its very low tax rates and proximity to oil rich countries. The country is tiny, you can drive from end to end in about 4 hours and the food is delicious. The country is made up of many different religions, beliefs and backgrounds, from Muslim to Christian from Arab to Phoenician. It is a country that defies most standards and still has a way to go, but it is a remarkable place that expresses so many of the challenges human societies still face.

The remainder of this post is more of a travel log. For those interested in our itinerary and costs, read on. All prices have been adjusted per person based on triple room occupancy.

*************************************

We landed in Beirut and quickly made our way to the underwhelming, yet lonely planet certified, New Talel Hotel for 15$/night. Despite its name, it is not new and you can quickly tell that it is run by a bunch of guys in their mid twenties. We explored Beirut’s nightlife, from Gemmayzeh street to the student Hamra district. Though reputed for it’s nightlife, we were a bit unimpressed, but again, that is coming from a bunch of Montrealers. Beirut is an interesting city and the food was amazing – lots of walking, coffee and narghila. The museum at the American University in Beirut is well worth a visit, but the most popular activities in Beirut are certainly driving fast, eating, smoking, drinking and lounging by the pool.

The Lebanese are amazingly welcoming people, constantly asking where we are from and going out their way to help us. They did not try to aggressively sell us their wares and generally offered reasonable prices right off the bat. It is a nice change from many other countries where they treat tourists like ATMs. The food is amazing, did I mention that?

In the Hamra district, we definitely recommend Li Beirut bar for their happy hour 6-9 PM and Prague bar was also bumping. On Gemmayzeh street, all the bars were fairly similar, small and busy. The women in Lebanon are beautiful, though there are rumours they might be getting a little help.

After Beirut, we made our way to the Jeitta Grotto, an impressive cave network that is well worth the visit. From there we moved up to Byblos, a charming seaside town that was once a hotspot for celebrities and big whigs. There is a decent public beach nearby and some shops in the town that sell great fossilized fish and sea creatures. The highlight is the ancient city, which was home to over six civilizations and started in 7th century BP. We stayed at a camping hotel about 2 km out of town, about 15$/person.

From Byblos, we headed to Tripoli, a seaside Muslim city that is famed for the 2007 violence between government forces and Palestinian refugees that spilled onto the streets. We found the city quite safe, the souks were really authentic and there are no shortage of madrassas and mosques to visit. The highlight might be the citadel which sits atop the city and is well worth the 2$ entry fee. Be absolutely sure to eat falafel from the stand just down the street from the great mosque, we waited an hour for him to open, but it was worth every delicious bite. We stayed at the charming small hotel El Coura for about 20$/person.

From Tripoli we made a night excursion with some newly minted Lebanese friends to Batroun, a seaside village that is full of bars and lounges, clearly an escape from the conservative Tripoli. Great sheisha and food in the café we visited.

From Tripoli, we made our way via taxi to Syria for a day trip, we would have normally spent more time in Syria, but the repression of the democratic movement was in full swing. The border was not pleasant, be sure to have lots of US dollars on you, but we did somewhat surprisingly make it through. Crac de Chevaliers is the largest crusader castle in the world, huge, intact and isolated – it was well worth the expensive visit, but should ideally be done during a wider Syrian visit. We swung by the ancient St. George Monastery on our way back to Lebanon. The Syrians were notably less friendly than the Lebanese and we were very happy when we walked back across the border, it almost felt like going home.

Back in Tripoli, we promptly paid our falafel friend another visit, 0.75$ falafel is truly a godsend. We also popped by the famed sweet shop Hallab, which was delicious and had wi-fi, something remarkably hard to find in Lebanon.

From Tripoli, we took a bus to Bartoun, were we got a taxi to go to the city of Doum. Doum is a beautiful mountain city made quite rich by its arms dealing and manufacturing industry. The taxi then continued to the beautiful region of Tanourine, leaving us at the last city. We mulled around the pretty city, I fell in a sewer, leaving my leg filthy, bloody and my brothers laughing. From there we negotiated a 20$ taxi to Bacharé.

Bacharé is beautiful and is home to the Maronite Christians of Lebanon, who form the core of the Phalangist party a.k.a. kabeob political party. They are renowned for their militias, the inspiration the founding father drew from Nazi like discipline, and the massacre of Sabra and Shatila. That being said, the city is clean, affordable and the people are very welcoming. The region really is stunning, we spent a day walking through the holy Qadisha valley, visiting churches, alters and hermitages. Very worth the trek. We stayed at the Tiger hostel for 10$/night.

From Bacharé we grabbed a 50$ taxi to Baalbeck via the mountain road, which is a magnificent drive. The ruins of Baalbeck date back to the 2nd century AD and are simply amazing, the sheer size of the structure and the intact temples really do take your breath away. These are the largest Roman temples in the world and were built so large in an attempt to impress the locals and temper the popularity of the rising Christianity. If you can, try to visit the site near sunset, and there is a great hotel with balconies looking onto the site for only 10$/night.

From Baalbeck we took a bus to Zahlé where we visited  the Ksara winery, nearby Anjaar ruins. The Anjaar ruins are a little underwhelming after Baalbeck, but they do give you an idea of what a Umayyad city might have looked like. The Ksara wine visit is well worth your time, especially considering it is free and you get to see ancient roman cave systems that are now used as stock rooms to age the wine. We stayed at the very authentic Akra hotel, (20$/person) – definitely recommended.

From Zahlé, we hitched a ride with a mini-bus to an intersection, from where we hired a taxi to take us to the 19th century castle of Beiteddine, very nice. From there, the taxi continued to Dar el Amar, a lovely town with some cafés and a wax museum, not much to report for this spot, but worth a quick stop.

From Dar el Amar we headed to the southern city of Tyr via a free ride with some nice beer drinking fellows, followed by a bus ride. This city has some ancient roman ruinds and a nice public beach where we lounged away the day. In theory you could scuba dive in some of ruins and thermal vents, but the sea was too choppy when we were there. We stayed at a newly renovated hotel bar on the waterfront for about 26$/night.

After Tyr, we headed north to Sidon where we hired an amazing guide to visit the water castle and then strolled through the souks. Just in front of the water castle, we had, by far, the largest falafel wrap I have ever eaten – well worth the 1.25$. The soap museum is very much worth your time, but a few hours in Sidon is all you really need.

We then headed back to the big lights of Beirut, this time we stayed at a religious hostel called Le foyer de la Sagesse, a great find for 25$/night. We meandered the streets and visited the amazing archeology museum, definitely worth it. We completed our Lebanon trip with a bang: we started the night at the Abdel Wahab restaurant, definitely the best Lebanese food I have ever eaten, and then headed on over to the massive nightclub, Beiruf where we partied like Arab princes until our 6 AM flight, leaving the country with memories that will last a lifetime.

Lebanon is highly recommended, feel free to email me at jbrun@jonathanbrun.com with questions. 

My two brothers and I recently visited Lebanon for two weeks. Our trip was fantastic and I wholeheartedly recommend Lebanon to those in search of fun, sun, culture and great food. Having travelled extensively, I confidently proclaim that the Lebanese people are the nicest, most welcoming people I have ever had the good fortune of meeting. Traces of human existence in Lebanon date as far back as the 6th century B.C. and many sites, such as Byblos, have seen six empires – Phoenician, Greek, Roman, Arab, Ottoman, and French come and go. Lebanon is a rich country that has sadly seen far too many years of sectarian and regional war.

The civil war (Pity the Nation by Fisk, Radio Interview with Fisk), which lasted 15 years and ended in 1991, Syrian domination and the recent Israel conflict in 2006 has left the country in a difficult position. Nevertheless the country seems to be rebuilding and on some sort of path to recovery – though income inequality remains a major hurdle to a true democracy. I hope that one day, a democratic and peaceful Middle East will emerge from the rubble of conflict. An economic cooperation zone and network of high speed trains between Syria, Lebanon, Israel and Egypt would could turn the region into an amazing place, let’s hope, for the sake of the lebanese people that this comes to pass one day.

A large part of the economy is driven by the banking sector, thanks to its very low tax rates and proximity to oil rich countries. The country is tiny, you can drive from end to end in about 4 hours and the food is delicious. The country is made up of many different religions, beliefs and backgrounds, from Muslim to Christian from Arab to Phoenician. It is a country that defies most standards and still has a way to go, but it is a remarkable place that expresses so many of the challenges human societies still face.

The remainder of this post is more of a travel log. For those interested in our itinerary and costs, read on. All prices have been adjusted per person based on triple room occupancy.

*************************************

We landed in Beirut and quickly made our way to the underwhelming, yet lonely planet certified, New Talel Hotel for 15$/night. Despite its name, it is not new and you can quickly tell that it is run by a bunch of guys in their mid twenties. We explored Beirut’s nightlife, from Gemmayzeh street to the student Hamra district. Though reputed for it’s nightlife, we were a bit unimpressed, but again, that is coming from a bunch of Montrealers. Beirut is an interesting city and the food was amazing – lots of walking, coffee and narghila. The museum at the American University in Beirut is well worth a visit, but the most popular activities in Beirut are certainly driving fast, eating, smoking, drinking and lounging by the pool.

The Lebanese are amazingly welcoming people, constantly asking where we are from and going out their way to help us. They did not try to aggressively sell us their wares and generally offered reasonable prices right off the bat. It is a nice change from many other countries where they treat tourists like ATMs. The food is amazing, did I mention that?

In the Hamra district, we definitely recommend Li Beirut bar for their happy hour 6-9 PM and Prague bar was also bumping. On Gemmayzeh street, all the bars were fairly similar, small and busy. The women in Lebanon are beautiful, though there are rumours they might be getting a little help.

After Beirut, we made our way to the Jeitta Grotto, an impressive cave network that is well worth the visit. From there we moved up to Byblos, a charming seaside town that was once a hotspot for celebrities and big whigs. There is a decent public beach nearby and some shops in the town that sell great fossilized fish and sea creatures. The highlight is the ancient city, which was home to over six civilizations and started in 7th century BP. We stayed at a camping hotel about 2 km out of town, about 15$/person.

From Byblos, we headed to Tripoli, a seaside Muslim city that is famed for the 2007 violence between government forces and Palestinian refugees that spilled onto the streets. We found the city quite safe, the souks were really authentic and there are no shortage of madrassas and mosques to visit. The highlight might be the citadel which sits atop the city and is well worth the 2$ entry fee. Be absolutely sure to eat falafel from the stand just down the street from the great mosque, we waited an hour for him to open, but it was worth every delicious bite. We stayed at the charming small hotel El Coura for about 20$/person.

From Tripoli we made a night excursion with some newly minted Lebanese friends to Batroun, a seaside village that is full of bars and lounges, clearly an escape from the conservative Tripoli. Great sheisha and food in the café we visited.

From Tripoli, we made our way via taxi to Syria for a day trip, we would have normally spent more time in Syria, but the repression of the democratic movement was in full swing. The border was not pleasant, be sure to have lots of US dollars on you, but we did somewhat surprisingly make it through. Crac de Chevaliers is the largest crusader castle in the world, huge, intact and isolated – it was well worth the expensive visit, but should ideally be done during a wider Syrian visit. We swung by the ancient St. George Monastery on our way back to Lebanon. The Syrians were notably less friendly than the Lebanese and we were very happy when we walked back across the border, it almost felt like going home.

Back in Tripoli, we promptly paid our falafel friend another visit, 0.75$ falafel is truly a godsend. We also popped by the famed sweet shop Hallab, which was delicious and had wi-fi, something remarkably hard to find in Lebanon.

From Tripoli, we took a bus to Bartoun, were we got a taxi to go to the city of Doum. Doum is a beautiful mountain city made quite rich by its arms dealing and manufacturing industry. The taxi then continued to the beautiful region of Tanourine, leaving us at the last city. We mulled around the pretty city, I fell in a sewer, leaving my leg filthy, bloody and my brothers laughing. From there we negotiated a 20$ taxi to Bacharé.

Bacharé is beautiful and is home to the Maronite Christians of Lebanon, who form the core of the Phalangist party a.k.a. kabeob political party. They are renowned for their militias, the inspiration the founding father drew from Nazi like discipline, and the massacre of Sabra and Shatila. That being said, the city is clean, affordable and the people are very welcoming. The region really is stunning, we spent a day walking through the holy Qadisha valley, visiting churches, alters and hermitages. Very worth the trek. We stayed at the Tiger hostel for 10$/night.

From Bacharé we grabbed a 50$ taxi to Baalbeck via the mountain road, which is a magnificent drive. The ruins of Baalbeck date back to the 2nd century AD and are simply amazing, the sheer size of the structure and the intact temples really do take your breath away. These are the largest Roman temples in the world and were built so large in an attempt to impress the locals and temper the popularity of the rising Christianity. If you can, try to visit the site near sunset, and there is a great hotel with balconies looking onto the site for only 10$/night.

From Baalbeck we took a bus to Zahlé where we visited  the Ksara winery, nearby Anjaar ruins. The Anjaar ruins are a little underwhelming after Baalbeck, but they do give you an idea of what a Umayyad city might have looked like. The Ksara wine visit is well worth your time, especially considering it is free and you get to see ancient roman cave systems that are now used as stock rooms to age the wine. We stayed at the very authentic Akra hotel, (20$/person) – definitely recommended.

From Zahlé we headed to the southern city of Tyr via a free ride with some nice beer drinking fellows, followed by a bus ride. This city has some ancient roman ruinds and a nice public beach where we lounged away the day. In theory you could scuba dive in some of ruins and thermal vents, but the sea was too choppy when we were there. We stayed at a newly renovated hotel bar on the waterfront for about 26$/night.

After Tyr, we headed north to Sidon where we hired an amazing guide to visit the water castle and then strolled through the souks. Just in front of the water castle, we had, by far, the largest falafel wrap I have ever eaten – well worth the 1.25$. The soap museum is very much worth your time, but a few hours in Sidon is all you really need.

We then headed back to the big lights of Beirut, this time we stayed at a religious hostel called Le foyer de la Sagesse, a great find for 25$/night. We meandered the streets and visited the amazing archeology museum, definitely worth it. We completed our Lebanon trip with a bang: we started the night at the Abdel Wahab restaurant, definitely the best Lebanese food I have ever eaten, and then headed on over to the massive nightclub, Beiruf where we partied like Arab princes until our 6 AM flight, leaving the country with memories that will last a lifetime.

Lebanon is highly recommended, feel free to email me at jbrun@jonathanbrun.com with questions.

C & L Cycle Montreal

A while back, I blogged on Vélo Villeuneuve and their high prices. The management has changed, and the shop now sports a new name and sharp new look: introducing C & L Cycle.

Now run by one of the former mechanics, the prices are great, the service is fantastic and the location is perfect. Time to give them a second chance!

75 Villeneuve Ouest, Montreal

2017: 150 years of national discussion

The time has come to re-open the constitutional debate. We have one party who advocates for a small and unimportant central government (The Walrus) while the progressive votes are split amongst four parties, one of which wants to break up the country. This cannot continue.

Canada is a large, diverse and sparsely populated country with unique challenges. Our lack of national unity paralyses us in the face of challenges ranging from the tar sands to asbestos (The Star and Globe and Mail) to healthcare costs. We have failed to formulate and execute a coherent foreign policy and we cannot step away from the shadow of our southern neighbours.

When Trudeau held the constitutional discussions in 1982, he would have expected the country to have grown up by now. Amongst other factors, the influx of oil and mineral wealth has slowed our transition from a resource based economy to one based on innovation, high value products and services. The new money has also slowed the evolution of our social values and development of our national narrative. Like a rich kid who inherits money, Canada avoides facing the music.

Since oil prices started rising eight years ago, we have stalled on social progress. Income equality is good (Gini), but slipping. Gender equality is not great – only 20% of MPs are women. Decriminalization of soft drugs has come to a standstill and few MPs have the courage to discuss the right to end your own life (except the voters). We are dodging the hard stuff.

Canada is a highly de-centralized country where most decisions that affect citizens’ lives, such as education, health, and infrastructure are controlled by the provincial governments. This is both our weakness and strength. The federal government has a role to play in enforcing education standards, healthcare access, and formulating foreign policy, but it is ultimately the provincial and municipal governments who execute. The Federal government is there to set a vision for the country and since Trudeau they have failed to do that.

Unsurprisingly, Canada still faces the same hazardous situation we did in 1867: national unity. As Twain mused, “History doesn’t repeat itself, it rhymes”. 1949 brought the Newfies in, 1984 allowed Quebec to table demands and 1995 nearly broke the country in two. This time around, cultural and social values are driving a wedge between oil rich Alberta and the rest of the country.

No matter what happens on May 2nd, the risks are high. A weakened conservative minority government will likely lead to a Liberal, NDP, Bloc party alliance to take power – Alberta will kick up a shit storm. Alberta is already demographically under represented in Parliament and if they see a power grab by central Canada, west coast hippies, and urban hipsters, they might just say ‘enough’. On the other hand, if the Conservatives were to win a majority, we could very well see Quebec sovereignty rise to the surface again as Quebecers proclaim their values too different from Canadians. There are no easy options.

Canada is a country of compromise that was built on French, English, and Native American heritage. Clearly, there are growing economic and social rivalries between the oil rich Alberta (and now Newfoundland), urban socially progressive people, a shrinking working class and more traditional rural communities. We are a country in constant discussion, our constitution is unfinished, numerous treaties are unsigned, and power is not equally distributed throughout. Yet we have never fought an internal war and have always solved our differences through dialogue. Now, more than ever, Canada must breed closer ties between its people.

Let’s start talking. A national exchange program for high school students to send them all over our large country would help. In fact, it should be mandatory for every single Canadian high school student to spend at least 1 year at another school in another province. This will lay a strong and durable foundation for the exchange of ideas and customs between our different cultures.

To cement this exchange, we should institute continuous travelling town halls and discussion groups to better understand the different challenges facing the country. The groups would be held in person and online, with ideas, comments and feedback being used to generate a popular basis for a reformed constitution that can be signed by all provinces.

2017 will mark the 150th anniversary of confederation and this would be the ideal time to take what have learned about each other and formalize a stronger and united Canada.

Freedom ain’t free

Yesterday, I went to vote in the advance polls for the May 2nd Canadian Federal Election. While at the polling station, one of the clerks recounted how she rejoices in seeing people come to vote at every election; exercising their right to have a say in the formation of their government. In many parts of the world, this is not an option.

The elderly clerk went on to describe a middle age man from a North African country who came to vote during the last election. As a newly minted Canadian citizen, it was the first time he had ever voted. With tears of joy in his eyes, he asked the election clerk to take a photo of him at the ballot box so that he might send it back to his brother in their home country.

While these stories are inspiring, far too many Canadians are apathetic about the election. At the last federal election, only 56% of people voted. It is hard to understand.

http://www.elections.ca/content.aspx?section=ele&dir=turn&document=index〈=e

My friend recently took a taxi ride and asked the driver if he intended to vote. The driver, a man from Ethiopia, said “no”, saying he was mostly just concerned with having a job. My friend then asked if he had not come to Canada to escape an oppressive regime where voting was not an option. After a moment of thought, he proclaimed, “I never looked at it that way, you’re right, I think I will vote this time”. It’s as simple as that, just ask people to vote.

Freedom ain’t free. Vote.